Systematic position
Class: Birds - Aves.
Squad: Passeriformes - Passeriformes.
Family: Flycatchers - Muscicapidae.
View: Motley rock thrush- Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Status. 2 "Vulnerable" - 2, UV.
Least Concern - Least Concern, LC ver. 3.1 (2001).
The regional population is categorized as "Vulnerable" - Vulnerable, VU D1+2. R. A. Mnatsekanov, P. A. Tilba.
Not belong.
The variegated rock thrush is a bird the size of a starling. In ♂, the head and back are grayish-blue, the rump is white, the lower part of the body and tail are red; ♀ monochromatic brown color with a transverse dark pattern.
Global range: Northwest Africa, Eurasia. In the Russian Federation, it inhabits the Caucasus, Altai, the northern tip of Lake Baikal and the Barguzin Ridge. . The regional nesting range is divided into two isolated areas.
One of them covers the highland areas of the GKH from the Fisht-Oshtenovsky mountain range to the border with the KChR. Another site is located on low-mountain hills in the vicinity of Gelendzhik and Novorossiysk. Sometimes migrant birds were observed in the Eastern Sea of Azov. In KK - nesting migratory bird.
The nesting sites of the variegated thrush are areas of low-grass high-mountain meadows, alternating with rock outcrops, low-mountain light forests of the Mediterranean type on gravelly soil, and coastal cliffs. Nests are built on the ground or in rocks. Clutch contains 4-6 eggs. Thrushes feed on insects, berries.
AT southern region In the European part of Russia, the number of the species is estimated at 5–15 thousand pairs. In KK, a small species; single nesting pairs are found sparsely. There is a tendency to reduce the occurrence of birds in the Gelendzhik-Novorossiysk part of the range. The total abundance of the species, according to expert estimates, does not exceed 20–30 pairs.
Destruction of nesting habitats in the districts of permanent bird settlements during the development of the Mediterranean landscapes of the Black Sea region.
The motley rock thrush is protected in the territories of the KGPBZ. It is necessary to create protected areas (natural monuments) in the Gelendzhik-Novorossiysk section of the range in the nesting places of each pair of birds. It is expedient to widely promote the protection of this endangered species.
Information sources. 1. Belik, 2005; 2. Kazakov, Bakhtadze, 1998; 3. Kazakov, Belik, 1971; 4. Oleinikov and Kharchenko, 1964; 5. Ochapovsky, 1967a; 6. Petrov and Kurdova, 1961; 7. Birds Soviet Union, 1954b; 8. Stepanyan, 2003; 9. Turov, 1932; 10. IUCN, 2004. Compiled. P. A. Tilba.
Blue rock thrush
The loud singing of the blue rock thrush sounds melodious and melancholy. It is especially noticeable when other birds fall silent in the evenings or during rain. From time to time, coarser sounds appear in the singing of the blue stone thrush. As a rule, this bird begins to sing while sitting on top of a stone, but it also happens that it sings during a shaving flight with a spread tail, which ends with a dive down.
The blue rock thrush refers to hunters who wait for their prey. He sits in an elevated place and waits for the prey to fall into his field of vision. His food consists mainly of insects and, from time to time, of berries, which he picks up directly from the ground or pecks from plants. This bird often lives near water bodies, as it drinks a lot and bathes in the water every day.
Each pair maintains the same nesting site throughout its life, which may be located in a rock crevice or a small cave. The blue rock thrush, which is a migratory bird, settles in it at the end of March and leaves it in September. The nest is built of hard materials but softly lined. The female lays four to five blue-and-red-spotted eggs in May, which incubate for 12-13 days. After birth, the chicks spend about 18 days in the nest, after which they acquire the ability to fly in June. For some time they accompany their parents during their flights, then they begin an independent life. Male plumage, typical for this species, appears only in the second or third year of life.
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Blue rock thrush- Monticola solitarius, see also 18.15.5. Genus Rock Thrush Monticola Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius Male completely blue with blackish wings and tail, in birds with Far East belly reddish brown. Females and young ... ... Birds of Russia. Directory
blue rock thrush- mėlynasis akmeninis strazdas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: lot. Monticola solitarius English. blue rock thrush vok. Blaumerle, f rus. blue rock thrush, m pranc. monticole merle bleu, m ryšiai: platesnis terminas -… ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas
Pied Rock Thrush- Monticola saxatilis see also 18.15.5. Genus Rock Thrush Monticola Spotted Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis Male with white uppertail, rusty rufous chest and belly, females and juveniles rufous; the sides of the tail are rufous. Nesting in the mountains ... ... Birds of Russia. Directory
Thrush stone- (Monticola) a genus of songbirds from the family. thrushes (see). True thrushes (Turdus, Merula) are adjacent in size, but in the shape of the body and beak they are more like redstarts. Eight species belonging to D. live in the rocky mountains of the Old World and ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
blackbird- Turdus merula see also 18.15.1. Genus Thrush Turdus Blackbird Turdus merula Large Thrush. The male is completely black with an orange beak and a ring around the eye, the female and young are brown with a dark tail, a transverse pattern on the chest and light ... ... Birds of Russia. Directory
white-throated thrush- Turdus torquatus see also 18.15.1. Genus Thrush Turdus White-throated Thrush Turdus torquatus Large Thrush (noticeably larger than starling). The male is brown-black with light edges of feathers and a white crescent-shaped spot on the goiter, wings with white ... ... Birds of Russia. Directory Wikipedia
Good for keeping and a group of species belonging to the genus stone thrushes- Monticola. There are 3 species in our fauna. These birds show sexual dimorphism in coloration. The male Spotted Rock Thrush (Monticola saxatilis) is rather brightly colored. Its head and neck are blue, the back and wings are dark brown, the uppertail is white, and the lower part of the body is reddish-brown. He lives on mountain systems south of Western and Central Siberia and also in the mountains Central Asia, Caucasus and Carpathians. Inhabits dry mountain slopes covered with sparse vegetation.
The behavior of rock thrushes is characterized by frequent crouching and tail twitching.
The song consists of pleasant trills, whistles and knees imitating other birds. A. Brem writes: "Singing is excellent, rich and varied, loud and full-sounding and at the same time tender and iridescent; it differs especially in that, depending on the place where the singer lives and on his talent, it contains phrases and whole stanzas from the songs of other birds, such as the nightingale, blackbird, song thrush, warbler, field and steppe larks, quail, rubythroat, chaffinch, oriole, hazel grouse and even a rooster. At the same time, the knees of imitated birds sound very elegantly performed by a motley stone thrush.
Bird nests are built between stones or in rock crevices. These are rather loose structures made of plant rags. They are hidden very skillfully, so it is difficult to find them. The clutch consists of 4-6 greenish-blue eggs. Both parents incubate the eggs and feed the chicks.
At home, stone thrushes are fed the same way as real ones. Hand feeders become very interesting. They are able to breed in open-air cages, feed nestlings of other species. A. Brem believes that "they can safely be ranked among the best indoor birds that only exist in Europe."
Somewhat inferior to him in singing abilities blue rock thrush (Monticola solitarius), who, however, has a reputation as a very good singer. It lives in the mountains of Southern Europe, North Africa, Asia east to Pacific Ocean where it settles along rocky seashores. Males of the western subspecies are colored in blue color, and Far Eastern thrushes have a two-tone color - the upper body, head and neck are blue, and the abdomen and undertail are red-brown. Females, like other stone thrushes, have a dark brown rather inconspicuous color. On the throat they have light rusty-brown spots.
Bluebirds in Mediterranean countries, and especially in Greece and Malta, are considered favorite indoor singers. Fosterlings taken from nests by chicks are well accustomed to captivity.
However, for domestic hunters, the most favorite among stone thrushes is forest rock thrush (Monticola gularis). He lives in the forests of the south of the Far East and rarely gets into the cages of lovers. He is somewhat smaller than his counterparts. Males have a blue "cap" and shoulders, as well as outer webs of flight and tail feathers. The throat and spots on the wings are white. For this he bears another name - white-throated thrush. The sides of the head, wings and tail are brown-black. The female's back, wings and tail are brownish-gray, there are transverse dark spots on the back, the "cap" on the head is gray, the lower part of the body is whitish with transverse dark brown streaks. Unlike its rock-dwelling relatives, the forest rock thrush inhabits mixed and coniferous forests along the slopes of the hills. It is not numerous, the northern populations are migratory birds.
His song has a set of beautiful whistling sounds. This, together with its ornate appearance and relatively small size, make the Wood Thrush a desirable pet for many bird collections.
Vladimir Ostapenko. "Birds in your house". Moscow, "Ariadia", 1996
The blue rock thrush belongs to the flycatcher family, the passerine order. The species is represented by 5 subspecies distributed in Eurasia, North Africa and in Sumatra. The blue rock thrush is considered to be the national symbol of Malta.
The size of the body of the blue stone thrush is comparable to that of the starling. The body of the birds is about 20 cm long, the wingspan reaches 33-37 cm. The bird weighs 50-70 grams. Females and males differ in the color of the feather cover.
The plumage of the male is monochromatic grayish-blue, wings and tail with dark brown feathers. The female and young thrushes are gray-brown with a bluish tinge of the back and transverse stripes of dark color on the back, chest, sides, throat of an ocher hue. The winter plumage of males is rather nondescript.
Far Eastern rock thrushes are distinguished by species variability, they have a red-brown undertail and abdomen.
Blue rock thrushes, depending on the habitat, have individual variability and differ in shades of plumage and the nature of songs.
In Europe, the stone bluebird is common in Italy, on the Iberian Peninsula, in Malta. In Russia, it lives in the east of the North Caucasus, in the south of Sakhalin Island, in Primorye. The main habitat of birds is located no higher than 43 ° north latitude.
The blue rock thrush sticks to mountain valleys surrounded by rocks. It lives at an altitude of more than 3 thousand meters above sea level. Prefers rocky seashores, ruins of buildings, found even in human settlements. Inhabits dry mountain steppe and coastal cliffs with niches, cornices, cracks, ledges, covered with sparse growth of grass or shrubs.
The rock bluebird chooses nesting sites on rocky slopes along the banks of rivers and on rocky bare slopes of hills, not far from the sea coast.
In China, it lives in the interior of the country, mainly in the northeast. Currently, the habitats of the rock bluebird have not changed significantly.
Blue rock thrushes appear in the places of their permanent nesting at the end of spring. The nesting season lasts from March to April. The nest is built in crevices of rocks, in cracks, between stones, in small caves. In settlements, people nest under the eaves of houses, castles, towers, churches.
In May or June, the female lays 4-6 eggs of a bluish-greenish color, sometimes covered with brownish-red streaks. Only the female incubates for 12-15 days. After 18 days, the chicks fly out of the nest and get their own food. And a pair of blue stone thrushes is starting the second clutch. At the end of the breeding season, the bird pair breaks up, and the thrushes lead a solitary lifestyle.
Young blue rock thrushes acquire their remarkable plumage coloration only in the 2nd or 3rd year of their existence.
The blue rock thrush feeds on insects, larvae, berries, snails, and slugs.
Blue stone thrushes are kept alone or in pairs on stones, rocks, on the ground. They are rather shy birds. They fly with fast and strong wing beats, they are able to descend on half-open wings. Birds can often be seen near the reservoir. They love to swim and drink a lot. In addition, a lot of insects always fly near the water.
Rock bluebirds usually flit from rock to rock. From time to time they raise and lower their short tail, jumping on the ground.
The number of this species of birds throughout the range is not large. On the rocky coast of Primorye, there are only 1 pair of birds, rarely 2, over a length of 1 kilometer. In some European countries pretty rock bluebirds rare birds due to the loss of suitable nesting sites, due to the degradation of the natural environment.
Protection measures are applicable to the blue stone thrush in the Lazovsky, Sikhote-Alinsky, Far Eastern reserves. Special events have not been developed. By keeping habitats intact, blue rock thrush populations can be increased. On the international level The blue rock thrush is listed in SPES 3, Bonn Convention (Appendix II), Berne (Appendix II) as a species in need of protection and coordination.
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